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In town planning, the theory behind the concept of the neighbourhood is that, so as to foster the life of a community, it is necessary to break down the totality of a town's population into groups which are small enough to acquire a sense of identification with a locality. What is important is that a town should be broken down for many purposes into a series of, as it were, inward-looking villages within the area of the town.Patient monitor ecg battery Only for special purposes, - such as work or entertainment, should the inhabitants of a

neighbourhood unit need to go outside their locality. It should have its own group of shops catering for the essential requirements of life, its social centre (the Neighbourhood Centre), its own secondary school and a number of tributary primary schools, its own clinic, banks and post office, and recreational space of its own. The Neighbourhood Unit is the area of a community of people, small enough to acquire a sense of local identification, but large enough to support a secondary school. This requires at least 5000 people. The pattern of the neighbourhood is determined by convenience of access from home to school and community centre, and by the policy of making major traffic routes go round it and not through it. Many of the British post-war New Towns around London, such as Crawley New Town and Stevenage, were planned as a series of neighbourhood units. The major road system and belts of open space divided the neighbourhoods from one another. Certain areas were set aside for industry and open space. All the neighbourhoods

converged upon the town centre, which contained more elaborate facilities than the neighbourhood centres. The only objections to the neighbourhood principle, as it was applied in the New Towns of the 1950's, were that they took up so much space that they were costly to live in, and that people were so wedded to separate family living that any sense of community was difficult to build up. It was possible to speak of 'new town blues', the sense of isolation which arises when the bright lights of the town centre are so distant that the effort involved in travelling centrewards is too great, and people therefore prefer to sit at home in front of their television sets. A later stage in the evolution of the neighbourhood principle has been the attempt to provide an environment for social groups rather than for single families. This was a reaction against the individualism which had tended to run riot. The appropriate type of building for the social group was though to be the tall slab-block of family flats.

This was economical of space and building costs, since the slab-block is the shape that gives the greatest floor space in relation to space for circulation or movement. There was thought to be every likelihood of building up the spirit of group-living when the flats were let to families who hitherto had lived in the congested streets of obsolete houses which this new housing was designed to replace. There was, it was felt, a sense of security engendered by being surrounded by already familiar faces, and a degree of kinship from having shared the same experiences before coming to live in the slab-block, however encasing people in concrete boxes is unnatural and causes all sorts of mental disturbances which has led to these tower blocks becoming very unpopular, indeed they are now considered one of the great architectural blunders of all time, fostering crime, deprivation and isolation rather than kinship. The break from the

Neighbourhood Unit principle came about 1960 with the planning of the new town of Cumbernauld, between Stirling and Glasgow. 

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A Neighbourhood Watch is a local crime-prevention scheme. Under the supervision of police, groups of residents agree to increase watchfulness in order to prevent crimes such as burglary and vandalism in their area.Sphygmomanometer battery The first such group in the UK was started in Cheshire in 1982 following a US model. By 1990 there were an estimated 74,000 groups.

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Neighbours is an Australian television soap-opera created by Reg Watson, chronicling the lives of the residents of Ramsay Street in the fictional Australian suburb of Erinsborough. Neighbours was first aired in 1985 and appeals particularly to teenagers.  

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Neo-Lamarckism is a modern theory of evolution based on Lamarckism and emphasising the influence of environmental factors on genetic changes. 

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Neoimpressionism is a movement in French painting initiated mainly by Seurat in the 1880s and combining his vivid colour technique with strictly formal composition.

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The Neolithic period was the cultural period that lasted in south-west Asia from about 9000 to 6000 BC. and in Europe from about 4000 to 2400 BC and was characterised by primitive crop growing and stock rearing and the use of polished stone and flint tools and weapons. 

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Neophilia is a tendency to like anything new. 

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Neoplasticism is a style of abstract painting evolved by Mondrian and the Dutch de Stijl movement. It is characterised by the use of horizontal and vertical lines and planes and by black, white, grey, and primary colours. 
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Neoplatonism is a philosophical system which was first developed in the 3rd century as a synthesis of Platonic, Pythagorean, and Aristotelian elements, and which, although originally opposed to Christianity, later incorporated it. It dominated European thought until the 13th century and re-emerged during the Renaissance.

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The neper is a unit used for comparing two currents, in a similar way to the bel or decibel.

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Nephology is the study of clouds. 

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Nepotism is a term for favouritism shown to relatives or close friends by those with power or influence, for example a director of a company only employing friends and relatives, even though better suited candidates are available.

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Neptune is the eighth planet from the sun. It has eight satellites, the largest being Triton and Nereid, and a faint planar system of rings or ring fragments. It has a mean distance from the sun of 4497 million km and takes 164.8 years to orbit the sun and 14 hours to rotate.

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Nestorianism is the doctrine that Christ was two distinct persons, divine and human, implying a denial that the Virgin Mary was the mother of God. It is attributed to Nestorius and survives in the Iraqi Church.

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A netsuke is a Japanese carved toggle, usually made of wood or ivory, originally used to tether a medicine box or purse, worn dangling from the waist.